| The discovery of a Byzantine tower enclosed within the Venetian walls of Heraklion confirms that the city was walled during the second Byzantine period. In order to determine the form, construction method and subsequent modifications of those walls, the section revealed is studied in conjunction with drawings by Buondelmonti, De Rossi and other cartographers active in the 15th-17th century. It is concluded that the Venetians used the older Byzantine walls, which they found in good condition due to the Genoese repairs; however, they widened the fortifications, covering over the towers and building a new, continuous parapet. They then raised turrets on the walls |